A doctoral diploma can only be conferred by one of France's 270-287 doctoral schools. The French Ph.D. is unique in that there are two doctoral tracks, with applicants able to either:

1. Develop their own research topic, as is the case in the Philippines.

2. Apply to research a pre-existing topic from subjects published annually by doctoral schools.   

 

Admitted doctoral students must also secure funding for their research, which should be equivalent to at least EUR 2,200. This can come by way of doctoral contracts (compensated research) or grants from governments or the private sector.

 

Resources:​

• How to enroll in a doctoral program

• What is involved in a doctorate in France?

• ​Doctorate search engine